Chaitanya Samvad Interdisciplinary Journal of Research

Abstract

Digital initiatives in education have emerged as a central pillar of educational reform in India, reflecting the Government of India’s long-standing commitment to leveraging technology for improving access, quality, equity, and governance. This paper presents an academic overview of the evolution, policy foundations, implementation mechanisms, and outcomes of digital education initiatives in India, with particular emphasis on developments following the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. Drawing on policy documents, government reports, and existing scholarly literature, the study examines major national platforms such as DIKSHA, SWAYAM, NROER, the National Digital Library, and teacher capacity-building programmes, situating them within India’s broader Digital India vision. The analysis adopts three complementary lenses—policy design, implementation and governance, and equity considerations—to assess both achievements and persistent challenges. While digital initiatives have significantly expanded access to educational resources, strengthened teacher professional development, and enabled large-scale assessment and data analytics, their impact on learning outcomes remains uneven and constrained by infrastructural deficits, digital divides, content quality concerns, and governance complexities. Issues of data privacy, sustainability, and contextual relevance further complicate effective implementation. The paper concludes that although India has developed one of the world’s most comprehensive digital education ecosystems, realizing its transformative potential requires sustained investment, robust evaluation frameworks, localized and high-quality content, stronger capacity building, and inclusive policies that address structural inequalities across regions and social groups.                                Keywords : Digital Education; National Education Policy 2020; Digital India; Educational Technology; Access, Equity and Inclusion; Open Educational Resources; Governance and Implementation; Teacher Capacity Building; Digital Divide; India