Chaitanya Samvad Interdisciplinary Journal of Research

The migration of populations from rural to urban areas represents a significant socio-economic phenomenon driven by a complex interplay of economic, environmental, and demographic factors. Limited industrial development, inadequate employment opportunities, and poor infrastructure in rural regions compel individuals to seek livelihoods in cities that offer better economic prospects and living conditions. Declining agricultural viability—owing to climatic variability, monsoon dependence, and recurrent crop failures—further accelerates this movement. Moreover, the scarcity of quality healthcare and educational facilities in rural areas motivates families to relocate in pursuit of improved well-being and social mobility. Rapid population growth and labour surplus in villages also contribute to this migratory trend. While urban migration enhances access to resources and opportunities, it simultaneously introduces socio-economic challenges such as widening income disparities, cultural dislocation, and adjustment to new social norms. The study explores these multifaceted causes and consequences, emphasizing migration as both a symptom of rural distress and a driver of urban transformation.

Keywords: rural-urban migration, socio-economic impact, employment, agriculture, inequality, infrastructure, population growth, urbanization, adaptation, social change.

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